socket_create_pair
It took some time to understand how one PHP process can communicate with another by means of unix udp sockets. Examples of 'server' and 'client' code are given below. Server is assumed to run before client starts.
'Server' code
<?php
if (!extension_loaded('sockets')) {
die('The sockets extension is not loaded.');
}
// create unix udp socket
$socket = socket_create(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (!$socket)
die('Unable to create AF_UNIX socket');
// same socket will be used in recv_from and send_to
$server_side_sock = dirname(__FILE__)."/server.sock";
if (!socket_bind($socket, $server_side_sock))
die("Unable to bind to $server_side_sock");
while(1) // server never exits
{
// receive query
if (!socket_set_block($socket))
die('Unable to set blocking mode for socket');
$buf = '';
$from = '';
echo "Ready to receive...\n";
// will block to wait client query
$bytes_received = socket_recvfrom($socket, $buf, 65536, 0, $from);
if ($bytes_received == -1)
die('An error occured while receiving from the socket');
echo "Received $buf from $from\n";
$buf .= "->Response"; // process client query here
// send response
if (!socket_set_nonblock($socket))
die('Unable to set nonblocking mode for socket');
// client side socket filename is known from client request: $from
$len = strlen($buf);
$bytes_sent = socket_sendto($socket, $buf, $len, 0, $from);
if ($bytes_sent == -1)
die('An error occured while sending to the socket');
else if ($bytes_sent != $len)
die($bytes_sent . ' bytes have been sent instead of the ' . $len . ' bytes expected');
echo "Request processed\n";
}
?>
'Client' code
<?php
if (!extension_loaded('sockets')) {
die('The sockets extension is not loaded.');
}
// create unix udp socket
$socket = socket_create(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (!$socket)
die('Unable to create AF_UNIX socket');
// same socket will be later used in recv_from
// no binding is required if you wish only send and never receive
$client_side_sock = dirname(__FILE__)."/client.sock";
if (!socket_bind($socket, $client_side_sock))
die("Unable to bind to $client_side_sock");
// use socket to send data
if (!socket_set_nonblock($socket))
die('Unable to set nonblocking mode for socket');
// server side socket filename is known apriori
$server_side_sock = dirname(__FILE__)."/server.sock";
$msg = "Message";
$len = strlen($msg);
// at this point 'server' process must be running and bound to receive from serv.sock
$bytes_sent = socket_sendto($socket, $msg, $len, 0, $server_side_sock);
if ($bytes_sent == -1)
die('An error occured while sending to the socket');
else if ($bytes_sent != $len)
die($bytes_sent . ' bytes have been sent instead of the ' . $len . ' bytes expected');
// use socket to receive data
if (!socket_set_block($socket))
die('Unable to set blocking mode for socket');
$buf = '';
$from = '';
// will block to wait server response
$bytes_received = socket_recvfrom($socket, $buf, 65536, 0, $from);
if ($bytes_received == -1)
die('An error occured while receiving from the socket');
echo "Received $buf from $from\n";
// close socket and delete own .sock file
socket_close($socket);
unlink($client_side_sock);
echo "Client exits\n";
?>
socket_create
(PHP 4 >= 4.1.0, PHP 5)
socket_create — Bir soket oluşturur (iletişim için bir uç)
Açıklama
resource socket_create
( int
$aile
, int $tür
, int $protokol
)Bir soket özkaynağı döndürmenin yanında iletişim için uçlardan birini belirler. Normal bir ağ bağlantısı iki soketle yapılır. Biri istemci olurken diğeri sunucu olur.
Değiştirgeler
-
aile -
Soket tarafından kullanılacak protokol ailesi.
Olası adres/protokol aileleri Aile Açıklama AF_INETIPv4 protokolleri. TCP ve UDP bu ailenin en bilinen üyeleridir. AF_INET6IPv6 protokolleri. TCP ve UDP bu ailenin en bilinen üyeleridir. AF_UNIXYerel iletişim protokolleri ailesi. Süreçler arası iletişimde yüksek verimlilik ve düşük maliyet sağlar. -
tür -
Soket tarafından kullanılacak iletişim türü.
Olası soket türleri Tür Açıklama SOCK_STREAMSıralı, güvenilir, iki yönlü bağlantıya dayalı bayt akımları. Band dışı veri aktarım mekanizması da desteklenebilir. TCP protokolü bu soket türüne dayanır. SOCK_DGRAMVeri katarlarını destekler (bağlantısız, güvensiz, sabit uzunlukta iletiler). UDP protokolü bu soket türüne dayanır. SOCK_SEQPACKETSabit uzunluklu veri katarları için sıralı, güvenilir, iki yönlü bağlantıya dayanan veri aktarımı; her okuma çağrısında paketin tamamını okuyacak bir istemci gerekir. SOCK_RAWHam ağ protokolü erişimi sağlar. Bu özel soket türü elle bir protokol oluşturmak için kullanılabilir. Bu soketin bilinen bir kullanım da ICMP istekleridir (ping, traceroute komutları gibi). SOCK_RDMSıralama garantisi olmayan güvenilir verikatarı katmanı sağlar. Çoğunlukla işletim sistemleri tarafından gerçeklenmez. -
protokol -
Soketten dönen iletişimi kullanacak aileye özgü protokol. Bu değer protol ismi belirtilerek getprotobyname() ile alınabilir. İstenen protokol bir TCP veya UDP protokolü ise
SOL_TCPveyaSOL_UDPsabiti değer olarak kullanılabilir.Bilinen protokoller İsim Açıklama icmp Genel Ağ Denetim İletisi Protokolü esas olarak konaklar ve ağ geçitleri tarafından hataları verikatarı iletişimi ile raporlamak için kullanılır. ICMP uygulamalarının başlıcalarından biri de "ping" komutudur (günümüz işletim sistemlerinin hemen hepsinde vardır). udp Kullanıcı Verikatarı Protokolü bir bağlantısız, güvenilmez sabit uzuluklu kayıtların iletişiminde kullanılan bir protokoldür. Bu özelliklerinden dolayı UDP çok düşük bir protokol maliyetine sahiptir. tcp Aktarım Denetim Protokolü, güvenilir, bağlantılı, akım yönelimli, çift yönlü bir protokoldür. TCP tüm veri paketlerinin gönderildikleri sıra ile alınacağını garanti eder. Eğer yolda herhangi bir paket kaybolursa TCP, hedef tarafından alınıncaya kadar bu paketi tekrar tekrar yollar. Güvenilirlik ve başarım için TCP gerçeklenimi, ilgili verikatarı iletişim katmanının kaç sekizlikten oluşacağına kendi karar verir. Bu bakımdan, TCP uygulamaları kısmi kayıt aktarımı olasılığını dikkate almalıdır.
Dönen Değerler
Başarısızlık durumunda FALSE, aksi takdirde bir soket özkaynağı
döndürür. Hata kodu socket_last_error() işlevi ile
alınabilir. Bu hata kodunu socket_strerror() işlevine
aktararak hatayı açıklayan dizgeyi alabilirsiniz.
Sürüm Bilgisi
| Sürüm: | Açıklama |
|---|---|
| 5.0.0 |
AF_INET6 sabiti eklendi.
|
Hatalar/İstisnalar
Geçersiz bir aile veya tür
belirtilmişse, socket_create() bunlar için öntanımlı
olarak AF_INET ve SOCK_STREAM
değerleri belirtildiğini varsayar ve bu durumu bir
E_WARNING iletisiyle bildirir.
Ayrıca Bakınız
- socket_accept() - Soket üzerinden bağlantı kabul eder
- socket_bind() - Soketi bir isimle ilişkilendirir
- socket_connect() - Soket üzerinde bir bağlantıyı ilklendirir
- socket_listen() - Bir soketi bağlantı kabul etmek için dinler
- socket_last_error() - Soket üzerindeki son hatanın kodunu döndürür
- socket_strerror() - Bir soket hatasıyla ilgili açıklamayı döndürür
add a note
User Contributed Notes
socket_create
ab1965 at yandex dot ru
04-May-2012 06:43
geoff at spacevs dot com
19-Nov-2010 06:51
Here is a ping function for PHP without using exec/system/passthrough/etc... Very useful to use to just test if a host is online before attempting to connect to it. Timeout is in seconds.
<?PHP
function ping($host, $timeout = 1) {
/* ICMP ping packet with a pre-calculated checksum */
$package = "\x08\x00\x7d\x4b\x00\x00\x00\x00PingHost";
$socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, 1);
socket_set_option($socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, array('sec' => $timeout, 'usec' => 0));
socket_connect($socket, $host, null);
$ts = microtime(true);
socket_send($socket, $package, strLen($package), 0);
if (socket_read($socket, 255))
$result = microtime(true) - $ts;
else $result = false;
socket_close($socket);
return $result;
}
?>
rhollencamp at gmail dot com
08-Sep-2009 03:29
Note that if you create a socket with AF_UNIX, a file will be created in the filesystem. This file is not removed when you call socket_close - you should unlink the file after you close the socket.
took at sd-gp dot de
28-Apr-2009 10:05
A simple example how to send a raw udp packet
<?php
$frame = array(
array(1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1),
array(1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1),
array(1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1),
array(1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1),
array(1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1),
array(1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1),
array(1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1),
array(1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1)
);
send_frame($frame, 1500);
/**
* Sends 18x8 MCUF-UDP packet to target host.
*
* see also:
* wiki.blinkenarea.org/index.php/MicroControllerUnitFrame
*
* @param array $frame 18x8 '0' or '1'
* @param int $delay delay in msec
* @param string $host target host
* @param int $port target port (udp)
*/
function send_frame($frame, $delay, $host="192.168.0.23", $port=2323) {
$header = "\x23\x54\x26\x66\x00\x08\x00\x12\x00\x01\x00\xff";
$buf = $header;
for ($i=0;$i<8;$i++) {
for ($j=0;$j<18;$j++) {
if ($frame[$i][$j]) {
$buf.="\xff";
} else {
$buf.="\x00";
}
}
}
$socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, SOL_UDP);
socket_sendto($socket, $buf, strlen($buf), 0, $host, $port);
socket_close($socket);
usleep($delay*1000);
}
?>
skelly at keenio
16-Jun-2008 04:56
It took some investigation to understand the bit about raw sockets requiring root access and raw sockets being required to perform a seemingly simple "ping" on a Linux server. My source of confusion was that the regular command line "ping" utility did not require me to be root to exec it, so what was the difference? I found the answer starting with a forum posting to look up `man 7 raw` for raw sockets info which reveals:
"Only processes with an effective user ID of 0 or the CAP_NET_RAW capability are allowed to open raw sockets."
So root is not the only way; the ping utility normally works because it has suid permission. There is some interesting source code however that allows you to selectively assign the CAP_NET_RAW capability without the need for suid. Use at your own risk, this is provided for informational purposes only:
http://www.olafdietsche.de/linux/capability/
shaun at verticalevolution dot com
01-May-2008 06:03
After weeks of trying to find a PHP network client that supports TFTP and Telnet I finally break down and wrote a client library. You can find it here: http://www.verticalevolution.com/blog/index.php?/pages/PHP-Client.html
This isn't like other telnet libraries that just exec the OS's telnet, it makes and negotiates its own options. It creates the TFTP packets to send data back and forth.
alexander dot krause at ed-solutions dot de
19-Mar-2008 06:57
On UNIX systems php needs /etc/protocols for constants like SOL_UDP and SOL_TCP.
This file was missing on my embedded platform.
Jean Charles MAMMANA
30-Jan-2008 09:54
I've written the ping() function using socket_create() with SOCK_RAW.
(on Unix System, you need to have the root acces to execute this function)
<?php
/// start ping.inc.php ///
$g_icmp_error = "No Error";
// timeout in ms
function ping($host, $timeout)
{
$port = 0;
$datasize = 64;
global $g_icmp_error;
$g_icmp_error = "No Error";
$ident = array(ord('J'), ord('C'));
$seq = array(rand(0, 255), rand(0, 255));
$packet = '';
$packet .= chr(8); // type = 8 : request
$packet .= chr(0); // code = 0
$packet .= chr(0); // checksum init
$packet .= chr(0); // checksum init
$packet .= chr($ident[0]); // identifier
$packet .= chr($ident[1]); // identifier
$packet .= chr($seq[0]); // seq
$packet .= chr($seq[1]); // seq
for ($i = 0; $i < $datasize; $i++)
$packet .= chr(0);
$chk = icmpChecksum($packet);
$packet[2] = $chk[0]; // checksum init
$packet[3] = $chk[1]; // checksum init
$sock = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, getprotobyname('icmp'));
$time_start = microtime();
socket_sendto($sock, $packet, strlen($packet), 0, $host, $port);
$read = array($sock);
$write = NULL;
$except = NULL;
$select = socket_select($read, $write, $except, 0, $timeout * 1000);
if ($select === NULL)
{
$g_icmp_error = "Select Error";
socket_close($sock);
return -1;
}
elseif ($select === 0)
{
$g_icmp_error = "Timeout";
socket_close($sock);
return -1;
}
$recv = '';
$time_stop = microtime();
socket_recvfrom($sock, $recv, 65535, 0, $host, $port);
$recv = unpack('C*', $recv);
if ($recv[10] !== 1) // ICMP proto = 1
{
$g_icmp_error = "Not ICMP packet";
socket_close($sock);
return -1;
}
if ($recv[21] !== 0) // ICMP response = 0
{
$g_icmp_error = "Not ICMP response";
socket_close($sock);
return -1;
}
if ($ident[0] !== $recv[25] || $ident[1] !== $recv[26])
{
$g_icmp_error = "Bad identification number";
socket_close($sock);
return -1;
}
if ($seq[0] !== $recv[27] || $seq[1] !== $recv[28])
{
$g_icmp_error = "Bad sequence number";
socket_close($sock);
return -1;
}
$ms = ($time_stop - $time_start) * 1000;
if ($ms < 0)
{
$g_icmp_error = "Response too long";
$ms = -1;
}
socket_close($sock);
return $ms;
}
function icmpChecksum($data)
{
$bit = unpack('n*', $data);
$sum = array_sum($bit);
if (strlen($data) % 2) {
$temp = unpack('C*', $data[strlen($data) - 1]);
$sum += $temp[1];
}
$sum = ($sum >> 16) + ($sum & 0xffff);
$sum += ($sum >> 16);
return pack('n*', ~$sum);
}
function getLastIcmpError()
{
global $g_icmp_error;
return $g_icmp_error;
}
/// end ping.inc.php ///
?>
Kyle Wilson
22-Jan-2008 10:02
to ionic and david...
I'm just taking a stab at this, but wouldn't some combination of gethostbynamel and php_uname('n') provide you with the world-facing IP address without making a system call or using expensive socket operations? Don't get me wrong, socket operations have their place, but if you just need the server IP from a cli script, socket operations seem expensive. :)
<?php
print_r(gethostbynamel(php_uname('n')));
?>
matth ingersoll
03-May-2007 04:45
When running these types of sockets, typically you need to be root or else they fail (not the case with stream sockets: http://us.php.net/manual/en/function.stream-socket-server.php)
This is an example for Linux/Unix type systems to use sockets without being root. (tested on Debian and CentOS)
<?php
$user = "daemon";
$script_name = "uid"; //the name of this script
/////////////////////////////////////////////
//try creating a socket as a user other than root
echo "\n__________________________________________\n";
echo "Trying to start a socket as user $user\n";
$uid_name = posix_getpwnam($user);
$uid_name = $uid_name['uid'];
if(posix_seteuid($uid_name))
{
echo "SUCCESS: You are now $user!\n";
if($socket = @socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, 1))
{
echo "SUCCESS: You are NOT root and created a socket! This should not happen!\n";
} else {
echo "ERROR: socket_create() failed because you're not root!\n";
}
$show_process = shell_exec("ps aux | grep -v grep | grep $script_name");
echo "Current process stats::-->\t $show_process";
} else {
exit("ERROR: seteuid($uid_name) failed!\n");
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////
//no try creating a socket as root
echo "\n__________________________________________\n";
echo "Trying to start a socket as user 'root'\n";
if(posix_seteuid(0))
{
echo "SUCCESS: You are now root!\n";
$show_process = shell_exec("ps aux | grep -v grep | grep $script_name");
echo "Current process stats::-->\t $show_process";
if($socket = @socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, 1))
{
echo "SUCCESS: You created a socket as root and now should seteuid() to another user\n";
/////////////////////////////////////////
//now modify the socket as another user
echo "\n__________________________________________\n";
echo "Switching to user $user\n";
if(posix_seteuid($uid_name))
{
echo "SUCCESS: You are now $user!\n";
if(socket_bind($socket, 0, 8000))
{
echo "SUCCESS: socket_bind() worked as $user!\n";
} else {
echo "ERROR: Must be root to user socket_bind()\n";
}
$show_process = shell_exec("ps aux | grep -v grep | grep $script_name");
echo "Current process stats::-->\t $show_process";
socket_close($socket); //hard to error check but it does close as this user
echo "SUCCESS: You closed the socket as user $user!\n";
} else {
echo "ERROR: seteuid($uid_name) failed while socket was open!\n";
}
} else {
echo "ERROR: Socket failed for some reason!\n";
}
} else {
exit("ERROR: Changing to root failed!\n");
}
?>
ionic at ionic dot de
20-Jan-2007 08:39
To david _at* eder #do; us:
Dependent on your system, you could, at least on LINUX, use exec with "/sbin/ifconfig eth0 | awk '/inet /{ print substr($2,9) }'" (also working for non-root users), that will work a little bit faster as your PHP function.
Though, we should keep in mind that users with safe_mode enabled are more or less forced to use the socket thing. :)
jens at surefoot dot com
07-Aug-2006 11:46
Please be aware that RAW sockets (as used for the ping example) are restricted to root accounts on *nix systems. Since web servers hardly ever run as root, they won't work on webpages.
On Windows based servers it should work regardless.
06-Jan-2006 07:36
Here's a ping function that uses sockets instead of exec(). Note: I was unable to get socket_create() to work without running from CLI as root. I've already calculated the package's checksum to simplify the code (the message is 'ping' but it doesn't actually matter).
<?php
function ping($host) {
$package = "\x08\x00\x19\x2f\x00\x00\x00\x00\x70\x69\x6e\x67";
/* create the socket, the last '1' denotes ICMP */
$socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, 1);
/* set socket receive timeout to 1 second */
socket_set_option($socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, array("sec" => 1, "usec" => 0));
/* connect to socket */
socket_connect($socket, $host, null);
/* record start time */
list($start_usec, $start_sec) = explode(" ", microtime());
$start_time = ((float) $start_usec + (float) $start_sec);
socket_send($socket, $package, strlen($package), 0);
if(@socket_read($socket, 255)) {
list($end_usec, $end_sec) = explode(" ", microtime());
$end_time = ((float) $end_usec + (float) $end_sec);
$total_time = $end_time - $start_time;
return $total_time;
} else {
return false;
}
socket_close($socket);
}
?>
kyle gibson
28-Oct-2005 11:48
Took me about 20 minutes to figure out the proper arguments to supply for a AF_UNIX socket. Anything else, and I would get a PHP warning about the 'type' not being supported. I hope this saves someone else time.
<?php
$socket = socket_create(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
// code
?>
david at eder dot us
25-Jan-2005 04:42
Sometimes when you are running CLI, you need to know your own ip address.
<?php
$addr = my_ip();
echo "my ip address is $addr\n";
function my_ip($dest='64.0.0.0', $port=80)
{
$socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, SOL_UDP);
socket_connect($socket, $dest, $port);
socket_getsockname($socket, $addr, $port);
socket_close($socket);
return $addr;
}
?>
david at eder dot us
08-Jun-2004 02:07
Seems there aren't any examples of UDP clients out there. This is a tftp client. I hope this makes someone's life easier.
<?php
function tftp_fetch($host, $filename)
{
$socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, SOL_UDP);
// create the request packet
$packet = chr(0) . chr(1) . $filename . chr(0) . 'octet' . chr(0);
// UDP is connectionless, so we just send on it.
socket_sendto($socket, $packet, strlen($packet), 0x100, $host, 69);
$buffer = '';
$port = '';
$ret = '';
do
{
// $buffer and $port both come back with information for the ack
// 516 = 4 bytes for the header + 512 bytes of data
socket_recvfrom($socket, $buffer, 516, 0, $host, $port);
// add the block number from the data packet to the ack packet
$packet = chr(0) . chr(4) . substr($buffer, 2, 2);
// send ack
socket_sendto($socket, $packet, strlen($packet), 0, $host, $port);
// append the data to the return variable
// for large files this function should take a file handle as an arg
$ret .= substr($buffer, 4);
}
while(strlen($buffer) == 516); // the first non-full packet is the last.
return $ret;
}
?>
evan at coeus hyphen group dot com
14-Feb-2002 11:33
Okay I talked with Richard a little (via e-mail). We agree that getprotobyname() and using the constants should be the same in functionality and speed, the use of one or the other is merely coding style. Personally, we both think the constants are prettier :).
The eight different protocols are the ones implemented in PHP- not the total number in existance (RFC 1340 has 98).
All we disagree on is using 0- Richard says that "accordning to the official unix/bsd sockets 0 is more than fine." I think that since 0 is a reserved number according to RFC 1320, and when used usually refers to IP, not one of it's sub-protocols (TCP, UDP, etc.)
email at NOSPAMrichard-samar dot de
13-Feb-2002 06:10
Actually, you don't need to use
getprotobyname("tcp") but instead can use
the constants: SOL_TCP and SOL_UDP.
Here an extract of the source from
ext/sockets which should make this clear.
if ((pe = getprotobyname("tcp"))) {
REGISTER_LONG_CONSTANT("SOL_TCP", pe->p_proto,
CONST_CS | CONST_PERSISTENT);
}
Normally the third parameter can be set to 0. In the
original BSD Socket implementation the third parameter
(there are 8 different types, here only two) should be
IPPROTO_TCP or IPPROTO_UPD (or one of the 6 others ones).
These two parameters are though not warpped in PHP as
constants and therefore not available.
Please use SOL_TCP and SOL_UDP. e.g.:
$socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP);
Please be aware of the fact that UDP
and TCP can only be used with AF_INET which is: "Adress Family Internet". With UNIX Domain sockets TCP/UDP would make no sense!
best regards
-Richard-Moh Samar