ignore_user_abort
You can use pack to strip the byte order mark (BOM) from a file.
For example, strip the UTF-8 BOM:
<?php
// Strips the UTF-8 mark: (hex value: EF BB BF)
function trimUTF8BOM($data){
if(substr($data, 0, 3) == pack('CCC', 239, 187, 191)) {
return substr($data, 3);
}
return $data;
}
?>
This function could be easily adjusted to match any byte order mark. Have a look at wikipedia for a full list of hex codes for each specific encoding.
- Gerard
pack
(PHP 4, PHP 5)
pack — データをバイナリ文字列にパックする
説明
指定された引数を format に基づいて バイナリ文字列にパックします。
この関数のアイデアは Perl からのものであり、フォーマット指定用の コードは Perl と同様に動作します。しかし、中には存在しない書式コードもあります。 たとえば Perl の "u" は存在しません。
符号付及び符号無しの区別は関数 unpack() にのみ 影響を与えます。関数 pack() は符号付及び符号無しの フォーマットコードのどちらでも同じ結果となることに注意しましょう。
パラメータ
- format
-
フォーマット文字列は、 フォーマットコードの後にオプションの反復指定用引数が続く形式と なっています。反復指定用引数として整数値、または入力データの最後まで 反復を意味する * のどちらかを指定することができます。 a, A, h, H の場合、 反復数はそのデータ引数が取得する文字の数を指定します。反復数が @ の場合、 次のデータを置く場所の絶対位置を表します。その他の場合、反復数は データ引数が使われる数を指定し、結果のバイナリ文字列にパックされます。
現在、実装されているものを以下に示します。
pack() の書式文字 コード 説明 a NUL で埋めた文字列 A 空白で埋めた文字列 h 十六進文字列、下位ニブルが先 H 十六進文字列、上位ニブルが先 c signed char C unsigned char s signed short (常に 16 ビット、マシンのバイトオーダー) S unsigned short (常に 16 ビット、マシンのバイトオーダー) n unsigned short (常に 16 ビット、ビッグエンディアンバイトオーダー) v unsigned short (常に 16 ビット、リトルエンディアンバイトオーダー) i signed integer (サイズおよびバイトオーダーはマシン依存) I unsigned integer (サイズおよびバイトオーダーはマシン依存) l signed long (常に 32 ビット、マシンのバイトオーダー) L unsigned long (常に 32 ビット、マシンのバイトオーダー) N unsigned long (常に 32 ビット、ビッグエンディアンバイトオーダー) V unsigned long (常に 32 ビット、リトルエンディアンバイトオーダー) f float (サイズおよび表現はマシン依存) d double (サイズおよび表現はマシン依存) x NUL バイト X 1 バイト戻る @ 絶対位置まで NUL で埋める - args
-
返り値
バイナリ文字列を含むデータを返します。
例
例1 pack() の例
<?php
$binarydata = pack("nvc*", 0x1234, 0x5678, 65, 66);
?>
この結果のバイナリ文字列の長さは 6 バイト長で、バイト列 0x12, 0x34, 0x78, 0x56, 0x41, 0x42となります。
注意
警告
PHP は、integer 型の値を内部的に格納する際に サイズがマシン依存の符号付き値 (C の long 型) を使うことに注意しましょう。integer 型の範囲外の数値となる整数リテラルや演算結果は float として保持されます。この float 値を integer としてパックする際には まず最初に integer 型へのキャストを行います。 その結果、できあがるバイトパターンは期待通りにはならないかもしれません。
この問題にもっとも関連するのが、符号なしの数値で integer 型で表現できるものをパックする場合です。 integer 型のサイズが 32 ビットであるシステムでのキャスト結果は、 (実装で定義されている標準 C の符号なし型から符号付き型への変換に依存しますが) まるで integer が符号なし整数であるかのような同一のバイトパターンになることがよくあります。 integer 型のサイズが 64 ビットであるシステムでは、 たいていの場合は float の仮数部のサイズが足りず、 値の精度を損なわずに保持することができません。 ネイティブの 64 ビット C int 型を持つシステム (UNIX 系システムのほとんどは持っていません) では、上側の範囲の値で パック書式 I を使うための唯一の方法は、 希望する符号なし値と同じバイト表現になるような負の integer 値を作ることになります。
add a note
User Contributed Notes
pack
Gerjoo at gmail dot com
26-May-2011 06:55
FrozenFire
20-Oct-2010 03:40
If you need to unpack a signed short from big-endian or little-endian specifically, instead of machine-byte-order, you need only unpack it as the unsigned form, and then if the result is >= 2^15, subtract 2^16 from it.
And example would be:
<?php
$foo = unpack("n", $signedbigendianshort);
$foo = $foo[1];
if($foo >= pow(2, 15)) $foo -= pow(2, 16);
?>
Ammar Hameed
20-Jun-2010 10:53
Using pack to write Arabic char(s) to a file.
<?php
$text = "㔆㘆㘆";
$text = mb_convert_encoding($text, "UCS-2BE", "HTML-ENTITIES");
$len = mb_strlen($text);
$bom = mb_convert_encoding("", "unicode", "HTML-ENTITIES");
$fp = fopen('text.txt', 'w');
fwrite($fp, pack('a2', $bom));
fwrite($fp, pack("a{$len}", $text));
fwrite($fp, pack('a2', $bom));
fwrite($fp, pack('a2', "\n"));
fclose($fp);
?>
SixThreeOh
15-Feb-2010 03:04
If you're bugged by http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=5889 then you can try this:
Use igbinary-serialize if you don't mind a little overhead.
Or intarray (by the same person) if you don't mind using a slightly experimental package which may have problems sharing data between differently byte/bit ordered architectures.
I don't believe it would be too difficult to shove a serialize function and unserialize function in there if you rip out the code from igbinary for storing numeric arrays with the correct endianess. Looking at `igbinary_serialize32` and `igbinary_unserialize32` in igbinary.c it should be very easy to copy that functionality to intarray.c.
Take away the "<<0" though, that's just stupid :P
Ref: http://opensource.dynamoid.com/
Anonymous
25-Nov-2009 10:18
may be useful
<?php
public function unpack_str($str, $len) {
$tmp_arr = unpack("c".$len."chars", $str);
$out_str = "";
foreach($tmp_arr as $v) {
if($v>0) {
$out_str .= chr($v);
}
}
return $out_str;
}
public function pack_str($str, $len) {
$out_str = "";
for($i=0; $i<$len; $i++) {
$out_str .= pack("c", ord(substr($str, $i, 1)));
}
return $out_str;
}
?>
Anonymous
21-Aug-2009 02:30
Coder's example is basically an explanation of bindec() and decbin(), not pack() and unpack().
Here's some code to convert a string binary expression into its binary-string equivalent and vice versa.
(Would be even simpler if pack/unpack offered a 'b' format code....)
<?php
function bin2bstr($input)
// Convert a binary expression (e.g., "100111") into a binary-string
{
if (!is_string($input)) return null; // Sanity check
// Pack into a string
return pack('H*', base_convert($input, 2, 16));
}
function bstr2bin($input)
// Binary representation of a binary-string
{
if (!is_string($input)) return null; // Sanity check
// Unpack as a hexadecimal string
$value = unpack('H*', $input);
// Output binary representation
return base_convert($value[1], 16, 2);
}
// Returns string(3) "ABC"
var_dump(bin2bstr('01000001 01000010 01000011'));
// Returns string(24) "010000010100001001000011"
var_dump(bstr2bin('ABC'));
?>
Coder
07-Apr-2009 10:54
These two functions allow conversion between binary string and signed integer with possibility to give the bit length.
Usage:
<?php
echo si2bin(-10, 32);
11111111111111111111111111110110
echo si2bin(10, 32);
00000000000000000000000000001010
echo bin2si("11111111111111111111111111110110", 32);
-10
echo bin2si("00000000000000000000000000001010", 32);
10
// signed integer to binary
function si2bin($si, $bits=32)
{
if ($si >= -pow(2,$bits-1) and $si <= pow(2,$bits-1) )
{
if ($si >= 0) // positive or zero
{
$bin = base_convert($si,10,2);
// pad to $bits bit
$bin_length = strlen($bin);
if ($bin_length < $bits) $bin = str_repeat ( "0", $bits-$bin_length).$bin;
}
else // negative
{
$si = -$si-pow(2,$bits);
$bin = base_convert($si,10,2);
$bin_length = strlen($bin);
if ($bin_length > $bits) $bin = str_repeat ( "1", $bits-$bin_length).$bin;
}
return $bin;
}
}
// binary to signed integer
function bin2si($bin,$bits=32)
{
if (strlen($bin)==$bits)
{
if (substr($bin,0,1) == 0) // positive or zero
{
$si = base_convert($bin,2,10);
}
else // negative
{
$si = base_convert($bin,2,10);
$si = -(pow(2,$bits)-$si);
}
return $si;
}
}
?>
qwanta
16-Oct-2008 01:28
Unlike the PERL pack function, the PHP version does not accept arrays as arguments (see PHP Bugs: #5889).
To get around this I found something like this works:
<?php
$word_data = array(132,457,234,63);
$packet_send = "";
foreach ($word_data as $word) {
$packet_send = $packet_send.pack("v",$word);
}
?>
As Pack returns a string, so you can just concatenate them.
Anonymous
05-Jul-2008 10:17
Array pack:
<?php
function pack_array($v,$a) {
return call_user_func_array(pack,array_merge(array($v),(array)$a));
}
?>
php at nagler-ihlein dot de
08-May-2008 01:26
Be aware of format code H always padding the 0 for byte-alignment to the right (for odd count of nibbles).
So pack("H", "7") results in 0x70 (ASCII character 'p') and not in 0x07 (BELL character)
as well as pack("H*", "347") results in 0x34 ('4') and 0x70 ('p') and not 0x03 and 0x47.
Quis AT spam.to.my.devnull.quis.cx
24-Jan-2008 11:45
<?PHP
function ntohs($port) {
$b=pack("N", $port);
return substr($b,2,2);
}
?>
I've spent a number of hours (n>=2) finding how to do this,
it works like the c function 'ntohs', used for eg the socks5 proxy protocol.
dylan at pow7 dot com
05-Sep-2007 10:00
This is how I used pack to convert base2 to base64 since base_convert doesn't support base64
The base conversions don't work for long strings, which is why I convert 1 byte at a time
Hope this helps someone
function base2to64($base2) {
if ($remainbits = strlen($base2)%8) $base2 .= str_repeat('0',8-$remainbits);
$base64 = NULL;
for ($i=0;$i<strlen($base2);$i+=8) $base16 .= sprintf('%02x',bindec(sprintf('%08d',substr($base2,$i,8))));
return base64_encode(pack('H*',$base16));
}
function base64to2($base64) {
list($base16) = unpack('H*0',base64_decode($base64));
$base2 = NULL;
for ($i=0;$i<strlen($base16);$i++) $base2 .= sprintf('%04d',base_convert(substr($base16,$i,1),16,2));
return $base2;
}
Chr dot Eichert<moga at mx dot homelinux dot org>
15-Feb-2007 09:21
This is how you can produce a code that is in fact a picture.
(This code is a complete tool, copy it to a file, call it 'somehow.php' and produce your pictures as hexcode).
<!--// ***Begin of File*** //-->
<form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];?>" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="thefile"><input type="submit">
</form>
<?php
$rh = fopen ($_FILES['thefile']['tmp_name'], "r");
$pb = fread($rh, 8192);
fclose($rh);
$pc = bin2hex($pb);
$pd = wordwrap($pc, 76, "\".<br /> \n \"", 1);
echo "<TT>\$hexpic=\""."$pd"."\"\n</TT>;";
?>
<!--// ***End of File*** //-->
Copy the result in your site code somewhere. For to show the code as a picture you can use something like what dirk (at) camindo de wrote ...
<?php
$hexpic=".......................
.....................";
$data = pack("H" . strlen($hexpic), $hexpic);
header("Content-Type: image/png");
// maybe your is jpeg / gif / png
header("Last-Modified: " . date("r", filectime($_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'])));
header("Content-Length: " . strlen($data));
echo $data;
?>
have fun!
dirk (at) camindo de
18-Jan-2007 08:22
Work around newsletter tracking:
include a transparent gif (1x1 pixel) with url = track.php and parameters.
track.php has to write the parameters e.g. into a database and provides the gif - using following code:
header("Content-Type: image/gif");
header("Content-Length: 49");
echo pack('H*',
'47494638396101000100910000000000ffffffff'
.'ffff00000021f90405140002002c000000000100'
.'01000002025401003b'
);
Newdawn.dk
22-Mar-2006 09:25
When trying to create a ZIP file using the pack function - I experienced trouble with the "a" code - It converted all chars correct from the std. ASCII charset but not more language specific like ÆøÅ.
It seems that ZIP files do not use the same HEX for these as everything else does.
The fix was a quick workaround but you'll probably get the picture:
function UniHex($str) {
// æ ø å Æ Ø Å
//These are simply one HEX code being replaced by another to correct the issue
$except = array("E6"=>"91","F8"=>"9B","E5"=>"86","C6"=>"92","D8"=>"9D", "C5"=>"8F");
for($i = 0; $i < strlen($str); $i++) {
$hex = bin2hex(substr($str, $i, 1));
if ($except[strtoupper($hex)])
$hex = $except[strtoupper($hex)];
$return .= $hex;
}
return $return;
}
And then i replaced an "a100" code with "H".strlen(uniHex($mystring))
This is like i said a quick workaround, but if you find the real reason for this i'd be happy to see it
j.s.hoekstra
13-Mar-2006 01:57
/* Convert float from HostOrder to Network Order */
function FToN( $val )
{
$a = unpack("I",pack( "f",$val ));
return pack("N",$a[1] );
}
/* Convert float from Network Order to HostOrder */
function NToF($val )
{
$a = unpack("N",$val);
$b = unpack("f",pack( "I",$a[1]));
return $b[1];
}
Patrik Fimml
11-Oct-2005 04:42
You will get the same effect with
<?php
function _readInt($fp)
{
return unpack('V', fread($fp, 4));
}
?>
or unpack('N', ...) for big-endianness.
19-Feb-2005 04:09
I needed to convert binary values from a file to integers.
Maybe there is something simpler, but the snippets i saw above seemed a little convoluted:
function bin2asc ($binary)
{
$val = 0;
for ($i = strlen($binary) - 1; $i >= 0; $i--) {
$ch = substr($binary, $i, 1);
$val = ($val << 8) | ord($ch);
}
return $val;
}
This was called like the following from a binary file:
function _readInt($fp)
{
return bin2asc(fread($fp, 4));
}
Note that the for loop should be reversed for network byte order instead of intel byte order. Also the conversion will work with any number of bytes, but will happily overflow.
zilinex at yahoo dot com
01-Sep-2004 05:12
a cool function to converrt numbers to Persian numbers(utf-8)
origin: http://www.farsiweb.info/jalali/jalali.phps
function farsinum($str)
{
$ret = "";
for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($str); ++$i) {
$c = $str[$i];
if( $c >= '0' && $c <= '9' )
$out .= pack("C*", 0xDB, 0xB0 + $c);
else
$ret .= $c;
}
return $ret;
}
Jurgen Braam
02-Oct-2003 05:39
take note: if you produce binary files using PHP on multiple platforms, that you use one of the machine-independent pack options.
This means 's' 'S' 'i' 'I' 'd' and 'f' are _EVIL_ :) Took me some time to figure out what my Excel-generator what futzing about :) Turned out the production machine was a Sun Sparc. I develop on my own x86 Linux server.
Hope this helps anyone...
c-ya,
Jurgen
mfisch[at]kaz[dot]com
10-Jul-2001 03:53
If you are trying to do ascii <--> binary conversions like me;
you probably found that unlike the perl pack functions, these wont help too much. Attached are two functions I wrote to accomplish this task.
<br>
function bin2asc ($binary)
{
$i = 0;
while ( strlen($binary) > 3 )
{
$byte[$i] = substr($binary, 0, 8);
$byte[$i] = base_convert($byte[$i], 2, 10);
$byte[$i] = chr($byte[$i]);
$binary = substr($binary, 8);
$ascii = "$ascii$byte[$i]";
}
return $ascii;
}
<br>
function asc2bin ($ascii)
{
while ( strlen($ascii) > 0 )
{
$byte = ""; $i = 0;
$byte = substr($ascii, 0, 1);
while ( $byte != chr($i) ) { $i++; }
$byte = base_convert($i, 10, 2);
$byte = str_repeat("0", (8 - strlen($byte)) ) . $byte; # This is an endian (architexture) specific line, you may need to alter it.
$ascii = substr($ascii, 1);
$binary = "$binary$byte";
}
return $binary;
}
<br>
Im not sure these are the most efficient functions, but surely alot faster than loading up a perl interpreter for every binary conversion =)
plutus at gmx dot de
09-Aug-2000 10:14
Note that the the upper command in perl looks like this:
$binarydata = pack ("n v c*", 0x1234, 0x5678, 65, 66);
In PHP it seems that no whitespaces are allowed in the first parameter. So if you want to convert your pack command from perl -> PHP, don't forget to remove the whitespaces!